Stators having female connectors and methods for forming female connectors integral with the stator winding conductors

ABSTRACT

Stators having female connectors and methods for forming female connectors integral with the stator winding conductors, thereby avoiding the necessity of use of a separate female connector. A typical connector in accordance with the present invention has a first length of the wire adjacent an end of the wire striped of insulation, and a second length of the wire adjacent the end not greater than the first length of wire being bent in a substantially closed loop, the loop preferably being pressed flat so as to have a thickness less than the wire. Also preferably the wire bends in a first direction and then bends in a circular arc to form the loop, the center of the loop being substantially aligned with a center of the wire. Various embodiments are disclosed as are exemplary simple methods for forming the female connector.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of motor stators and otherwire wound electromagnetic devices.

2. Prior Art

Tecnomatic S.p.A., assignee of the present invention, has in the pastmade a limited number of motor stators and D.C. motor rotors using flator square wire for the windings. In that regard, it is to be noted thatas used herein, “flat” or “square” wire means wire having foursubstantially flat sides, each joined to adjacent sides, typically by arounded edge. In the case of square wire, the wire may be formed in thesquare shape and then coated with typical winding insulation, or in somecases, pre-coated round wire has been rolled into the square shape.Rolling of round wire to a square shape has definite limits if theinsulation is not to be damaged, though smaller rounded edges may beachieved if the wire is first formed by drawing or otherwise formed intothe square shape and then coated. Even if the wire is first formed inthe desired shape and then coated, some degree of rounding on the edgesis desired for various reasons, including prevention of surface tensionfrom pulling the coating away from the sharp edges during coating,preventing the sharp edges from cutting through the coating afterward,and preventing electric field concentration on the sharp edges to induceearly breakdown. Thus, as used herein, the words “square” or “flat” orequivalent words used to describe the cross-section of an insulatedcopper wire are used in the general sense and are not to be construed asexcluding significant or substantial rounded corners joining thesubstantially flat sides. “Flat” as used herein and in the claims meanshaving two opposite sides having a greater separation than the other twoopposite sides, its width being greater than its thickness. “Straight”as used herein and in the claims means substantially free of bends.Accordingly, either a flat or a square conductor may or may not bestraight. “Rectangular” as used herein is a more general term meaningflat or square, square being a special case of rectangular wherein thedimension between two opposite sides is equal to the dimension betweenthe other two opposite sides.

The use of the rectangular wire for the windings produces very efficientand high power to weight ratio motors because of the greatercross-section of copper that can be put into a winding slot. For theleads to the windings, longer conductors are used to provide aprotruding winding connection. However in the prior art, a separatefemale terminal needed to be connected to the winding connection, byswaging or otherwise, requiring a separate part and separate operation,and potentially providing a connection of varying resistance, unit tounit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a common use of the female connector of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the cross section of two rectangular wires onwhich the present invention may be practiced.

FIGS. 4 through 7 progressively illustrate the basic formation of apreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates the female connector formed by the processillustrated in FIGS. 4 through 7.

FIG. 9 illustrates the female connector of FIG. 9 after the centerthereof is punched out.

FIG. 10 illustrates the female connector of FIG. 8 after pressing toslightly decrease the thickness thereof.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a fixture for forming the femaleconnector of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a portion of a wound motor stator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides a female terminal formed directly from arectangular conductor, eliminating the need for a separate femaleconnector and a separate operation connecting the separate femaleconnector to the rectangular conductor. Thus as may be seen in FIG. 1, aterminal post 20, shown relatively schematically, is connected to aninsulated winding wire 22 by a female connector 24 made integraltherewith. A washer 26 may be used with a terminal nut.28 on a smallerdiameter threaded portion 30 clamping the washer and female terminal 24to the terminal 20. The wire 22 as used in the present invention isrectangular wire that may be flat such as shown in FIG. 2, or that maybe square, as shown in FIG. 3. The insulated wire 22 in the preferredembodiment is characterized by a short region 32 (FIG. 1) from which theinsulation has been removed, such as by mechanical or other means, and asomewhat thinner rectangular wire region 34 forming the female connector26. In that regard, note that the drawings are schematic only and not toscale, the differences in thicknesses, etc. being exaggerated forclarity.

The method of forming the rectangular wire is illustrated in FIGS. 4through 8. As shown in FIG. 4, the stripped end 34 of insulated windingconductor 22 is placed in a fixture having a stationary portion 36, arotatable forming member 38, a stop 40 for determining the length of thestripped wire 34 extending into the fixture, and alternatively, a secondstop 42, the purpose of which shall be subsequently shown.

The first step in the forming operation is to move pin 44 to the left,forming the stripped portion 34 to the shape shown in FIG. 5. In thatregard, the optional stop 42, if used, confines the distal end of thestripped wire 34 to provide the shape of FIG. 5, though this is only anintermediate bending shape, and if the stop is not used, the remainderof the process may proceed as described. In particular, rotatableforming member 38 is rotated about the new center of pin 44, as shown inFIGS. 6 and 7. The net result of this forming operation is a femaleconnector 26′ formed on the end of the stripped section 34 of insulatedwire 22, which may be directly used as a female connector if desired.However in the preferred embodiment, two additional operations areperformed. Specifically, the inner diameter 46 of the female connector26′ normally is not perfectly round. Accordingly, in the preferredprocess, the center of the female connector 26′ is punched out toprovide a nice circular inner diameter, as shown in FIG. 9. Also in thepreferred method, the female connector 26′ is pressed between pressanvils 48 to somewhat reduce the thickness of the female connector 26.In general, the amount of reduction in thickness preferably isrelatively minimal, though the pressing operation has the advantage ofproviding flat surfaces on each side of the female connector so thatwhen connected to a terminal post, such as that schematically shown inFIG. 1, the contact with the post will be over the full face area of thefemale connector and not merely on the high spots thereof.

As mentioned before, the present invention may be practiced on anyrectangular wire, such as square wire or flat wire. It may also even bepracticed on round wire, though in the case of round wire, greaterflattening would typically be desired to present adequate area of thefaces of the resulting female connector.

As previously mentioned, the punching of the center of the femaleconnector, typically punching a minimal amount of conductive materialfrom the center, and the pressing are each optional, though both arepreferred for cosmetic and electrical purposes. Similarly, if both areused, punching may precede pressing, though pressing before punching hasthe advantage of assuring a round opening and of flattening any burrsraised by the punching process, which burrs might provide a high spotand result in only very local contact on a terminal post or otherconnection, resulting in a high resistance at that point.

FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the concept of tooling that may beused to form the female connector of the present invention. Inparticular, the bending particularly of flat wire needs to beconstrained, as otherwise the wire will tend to twist and bend about thethinner dimension. Thus plates 50 and 52 are provided and held inseparation by an amount equal to or slightly wider than the strippedwire. Plate 50 has pin 44 therein, and would be configured for forcedtranslation of pin 44, alone or together with plate 50, from theposition illustrated in FIG. 4 to that illustrated in FIG. 5. The plate52 has a rotatable center portion carrying forming member 38 that can beforceably rotated as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. If the invention ispracticed on round wire, confining plates may not be needed.

Now referring to FIG. 12, a portion of a wound motor stator may be seen.The windings in this specific embodiment are comprised of individual “U”shaped rectangular wires 56 inserted from the other end of the statoriron or core 54 and bent where they extend beyond the stator iron, withthe tip ends being substantially parallel to the axis of the stator. Therow of wires most visible in the Figure is bent to the right and the rowimmediately there below is similarly bent to the left, with the adjacenttip ends then being welded together, thereby forming end turns of thewinding. To form the stator terminal 58 for the stator windingelectrical connections, appropriate “U” shaped wires having one leg ofan exceptional length are inserted from the opposite end of the statoriron, so that the extra length of wire 60 extends beyond the normal endturns. Preferably the terminal 58 is formed in the end of wire extension60 after the winding is formed. Also, preferably the wire 60 is bentnext to the stator iron with the other wires in the same row so as tonot interfere with the other wires forming the winding. Of course theextra length of wire 60 may be of a predetermined length, and bentand/or twisted as needed to accommodate the particular application or hemotor. Also, while the wire extension 60 and terminal 56 are shown in anouter row of wires in the stator, the wire extension 60 and terminal 56may be formed in any wire row and in any number as needed for a specificmotor design.

In the claims to follow, references to being bent in one direction andthen in another direction are not references to the order of the pendingin their fabrication methods, but rather the physical order of thebends. Similarly he order set forth in the method claims claimconvenience, and may or may not reflect the actual order in which thevarious operations are carried out.

While certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendisclosed and described herein for purposes of illustration and not forpurposes of limitation, it will be understood by those skilled in theart that various changes in form and detail may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. A motor stator comprising: a stator core having windings formed ofrectangular insulated wire; at least one of the rectangular insulatedwires having one end that is longer than other rectangular insulatedwires to extend a first length beyond stator core winding end turns; asecond length of the extended wire adjacent the end of the extended wirebeing striped of insulation, the second length being less than the firstlength; a third length of the extended wire adjacent the end not greaterthan the second length of wire being bent in a substantially closed loopabout an axis perpendicular to two opposite sides of the extended wire.2. The motor stator of claim 1 wherein the loop is pressed flat so as tohave a thickness less than the thickness of the wire.
 3. The motorstator of claim 2 wherein after pressing, an opening through a center ofthe loop is further opened to a predetermined diameter.
 4. The motorstator of claim 2 wherein the second length is greater than the thirdlength, and wherein the loop is pressed flat over a length between thesecond length and the third length.
 5. The motor stator of claim 1wherein the third length of wire bends in a first direction and thenbends in a circular arc to form the loop, a center of the loop beingsubstantially aligned with a center of the wire.
 6. A motor statorcomprising: a stator core having windings formed of flat insulated solidcopper wire; at least one of the flat insulated solid copper wireshaving one end that is longer than other flat insulated solid copperwires to extend a first length beyond stator core winding end turns; asecond length of the extended wire adjacent the end of the wire beingstriped of insulation, the second length being less than the firstlength; a third length of the extended wire adjacent the end not greaterthan the second length of the extended wire being bent in the plane ofthe width of the extended wire in a first direction and then in acircular arc in a second direction opposite the first direction to forma substantially closed loop, a center of the loop being substantiallyaligned with a center of the extended wire.
 7. The motor stator of claim6 wherein the loop is pressed flat so as to have a thickness less thanthe thickness of the wire.
 8. The motor stator of claim 7 wherein afterpressing, an opening through a center of the loop is further opened to apredetermined diameter.
 9. The motor stator of claim 7 wherein thesecond length is greater than the third length, and wherein the loop ispressed flat over a length between the second length and the thirdlength.
 10. A method of fabricating a motor stator comprising: winding amotor stator core with an insulated rectangular wire, leaving one end ofat least one insulated rectangular wire extending a first length beyondwinding end turns; stripping the insulation from a second length of theextended wire adjacent the end thereof, the second length being lessthan the first length; and, bending the end of the extended wire in acircular arc in a plane parallel to opposite sides of the wire to form asubstantially closed loop.
 11. The method of claim 10 further comprisedof pressing the loop to flatten the wire.
 12. The method of claim 11further comprised of punching out the wire at the center of the loop toprovide a predetermined diameter opening through the loop.
 13. Themethod of claim 11 wherein pressing the loop also comprises pressing alength of wire between the second and the third length.
 14. The methodof claim 10 wherein bending the end of the extended wire comprisesbending the end of the extended wire in a first direction in the planeand bending the extended wire in a second direction opposite the firstdirection in a circular arc in the plane to form a substantially closedloop having its center substantially aligned with the center of thewidth of the extended wire.
 15. A method of fabricating a motor statorcomprising: winding a motor stator core with insulated flat wire havinga width greater than its thickness, leaving one end of the insulatedflat wire extending a first length beyond winding end turns; thestripping the insulation from a second length of wire adjacent the endthereof, the second length being less than the first length; and,bending the end of the extended wire, along a third length less than thesecond length, in a first direction in the plane of the width of thewire and bending the wire in a second direction opposite the firstdirection in a circular arc in the plane of the width of the wire toform a substantially closed loop having its center substantially alignedwith the center of the width of the wire; and, pressing the loop toflatten the wire.
 16. The method of claim 15 further comprised ofpunching out the wire at the center of the loop to provide apredetermined diameter opening through the loop.
 17. The method of claim15 wherein the second length of wire is greater than the length of wirerequired to form the loop, and wherein the pressing of the loop alsocomprises pressing a length of wire between the second length and thethird length.
 18. A motor stator comprising: a stator core havingwindings formed of insulated wire; at least one of the rectangularinsulated wires having one end that is longer than other rectangularinsulated wires to extend a first length beyond stator core winding endturns; the insulation being stripped off the end of the extended wireover a second length; a third length of the extended wire adjacent theend and not greater than the second length of wire being bent in asubstantially closed loop, the loop being pressed flat so as to have athickness less than the wire.
 19. The motor stator of claim 18 whereinthe second length is greater than the second third, and wherein the loopis pressed flat over a length between the second length and the thirdlength.
 20. The motor stator of claim 18 wherein the third length ofwire bends in a first direction and then bends in a circular arc to formthe loop, a center of the loop being substantially aligned with a centerof the wire.
 21. A method of fabricating a motor stator on an insulatedwire comprising: winding a motor stator core with insulated wire havinga, leaving one end of the insulated wire extending a first length beyondwinding end turns; stripping the insulation from the end of the extendedwire a second length of wire adjacent the end thereof; bending the endof the wire in a circular arc to form a substantially closed loop; and,pressing the loop to flatten the wire.
 22. The method of claim 21wherein the pressing of the loop also comprises pressing a length ofwire adjacent the loop.
 23. The method of claim 21 wherein bending theend of the extended wire comprises bending the end of the extended wirein a first direction before bending the extended wire in a seconddirection opposite the first direction in a circular arc to form asubstantially closed loop having its center substantially aligned withcenter of the wire.